Which of the following disabilities would be protected by anti-discrimination laws?

Chemical fragrance sensitivity is recognized as a legitimate disability by anti-discrimination laws, particularly under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and similar state laws. This condition often limits a person's ability to perform major life activities, as exposure to certain chemicals can trigger significant health issues, thus qualifying it for protection against discrimination in employment, housing, and public accommodations.

In contrast, compulsive gambling and an overwhelming urge to steal may not meet the legal definition of a disability because these behaviors are often classified as behavioral issues rather than medical conditions. While they can have serious consequences for individuals affected, they do not necessarily hinder a person's ability to perform major life activities in the same way that a medical condition would.

Illegal drug addiction also does not receive the same protections under anti-discrimination laws because it is often associated with illegal activity. While individuals in recovery from addiction may be protected, those actively using illegal substances may not qualify for legal protections.

Therefore, chemical fragrance sensitivity stands out as the only condition within the options that is clearly afforded protection under anti-discrimination laws due to its medical nature and impact on daily functionality.